Autologous (Self-Donated)
Autologous Transplantation – In this type of bone marrow transplant, the patient is given high dose of chemotherapy after which the collected peripheral blood stem cells are infused. The chemotherapy is done to kill the cancer cells (disease) in the body. The infusion of the peripheral blood stem cells replaces the marrow that was destroyed by the chemotherapy.
Allogeneic (Donor) Transplants Using Matched Sibling
Allogeneic Transplantation – In allogeneic transplant, the patient is given high-dose of either chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy which is then followed by the infusion of the donor’s bone marrow, cord blood or the peripheral blood stem cells. The peripheral blood stem cells, marrow, or cord blood cells are taken from an appropriate HLA (immune) which could be matched.
Allogeneic Transplants Using Unrelated Donors
Allogeneic Transplantation – In allogeneic transplant, the patient is given high-dose of either chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy which is then followed by the infusion of the donor’s bone marrow, cord blood or the peripheral blood stem cells. The peripheral blood stem cells, marrow, or cord blood cells are taken from an appropriate HLA (immune) which could be an unrelated donor.
Allogeneic Transplants Using Haploidentical (Half-Matched) Donors
Haploidentical Donor Transplantation – In Haploidentical Donor transplantation, the procedure involves HLA half-matched (haplotype) donor, the donors could be biological parents, children, or half matched siblings for the allogeneic transplantation. The capability to utilize Haploidentical donors is of unique significance to patients who in the past had very limited sibling and unrelated donor options.
Allogeneic Transplants Using Umbilical Cord Blood
Allogeneic Transplantation – a further new alternative for those with no matched donor is blood from the umbilical cord of a baby. The cells are still “naïve”, the immune cells in the cord blood, which means they have not until now become functional in attacking the other cells. This immaturity makes them less likely to attack the transplant recipient’s tissues—therefore, cord blood stem cells do not need to be such a close match.
Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Transplants
Reduced Intensity Transplantation – In this type of allogeneic transplants, utilizes lesser doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This alternative is for the people who may not be capable of bearing a full-intensity or myeloablative allogeneic transplant (for the older ones or who might have other medical problems). The reduced intensity transplants are performed on an inpatient or outpatient, which depends on the treatment package.
Bone marrow is a semisolid substance within our bones, where blood cells such as white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets are manufactured from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In a bone marrow transplant (BMT) it is actually the HSC which are transplanted to replace damaged or diseased cells in the marrow with the cells of an apparently normal person. This is called an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
A bone marrow transplant (BMT), also called a stem cell transplant, is a procedure in which diseased or damaged bone marrow cells are replaced with healthy ones. This procedure is performed after a patient has high-dose chemotherapy or radiation. Conditions successfully treated with BMT include cancers, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and solid tumours, as well as aplastic anaemia.
A bone marrow transplantation can be used to:
If the patient has no total matched sibling, then the cost for the procedure would increase and would go up to around 46,000 USD. If the patient has a totally matched sibling, then the cost of would be around 30,000 USD.
The breakdown would be:
Bone marrow transplants are performed when a person’s marrow isn’t healthy enough to function properly. This could be due to chronic infections, disease, or cancer treatments.
Some reasons for a bone marrow transplant include:
Tests required in the procedure are
AFTER THE PROCEDURE
There are two major types of bone marrow transplants. The type used will depend on the reason you need a transplant.
Autologous TransplantsAutologous transplants involve the use of a person’s own stem cells. They typically involve harvesting your cells before beginning a damaging therapy to cells like chemotherapy or radiation. After the treatment is done, your own cells are returned to your body.
This type of transplant isn’t always available. It can only be used if you have a healthy bone marrow. However, it reduces the risk of some serious complications, including GVHD.
Allogeneic TransplantsAllogeneic transplants involve the use of cells from a donor. The donor must be a close genetic match. Often, a compatible relative is the best choice, but genetic matches can also be found from a donor registry.
Allogeneic transplants are necessary if you have a condition that has damaged your bone marrow cells. However, they have a higher risk of certain complications, such as GVHD. You’ll also probably need to be put on medications to suppress your immune system so that your body doesn’t attack the new cells. This can leave you susceptible to illness. The success of an allogeneic transplant depends on how closely the donor cells match your own.
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